The explanation for each of the following points mentioned in the question are as follows: 1. The IPv6 does not support IP datagram fragmentation at a forwarding router for better use of data link per view the full answer
The Fragment header is used by an IPv6 source to send a packet larger than would fit in the path MTU to its destination. (Note: unlike IPv4, fragmentation in IPv6 is performed only by source nodes, not by routers along a packet's delivery path -- see section 5.) The IP fragmentation always increases the layer-3 overhead (and thus reduces the actual bandwidth available to user traffic). For example, if the end-host thinks it can use 1500-byte IP packets, but there is a hop in the path with MTU size 1472, each oversized IP packet will be split in two packets, resulting in an additional 20-byte IPv4 header or 40-byte IPv6 header. To give you an example of a fragmentation let's consider the following two networks: it should also work the same with an IPv6 since only the addressing scheme IPv6 and Fragmentation. When it came time to think about the design of what was to become IPv6 the forward fragmentation approach was considered to be a liability, and while it was not possible to completely ditch IP packet fragmentation in IPv6, there was a strong desire to redefine its behaviour. Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Flags (3-bit) — Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Fragment offset (13-bit) — Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Time to live (8-bit) Hop limit (8-bit) Same function for both headers. Fragmentation Testing and Performance: IPv4b uses normal sending and forwarding routes for the fragmentation processes. IPv6 uses the sending process only to implement and enhance the fragmentation process. Mobility Performance: It implements the basic constrained network topologies.
Needing some training on IPv6 or IPv6 Security - check out our courses here. That said, one way to possibly bypass any security functions in a router or firewall may be to send fragmented packets through the device. This has been shown to work in defeating RA Guard for example. You can read more about that here.
Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Flags (3-bit) — Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Fragment offset (13-bit) — Removed in IPv6 because fragmentation is handled differently in IPv6. Time to live (8-bit) Hop limit (8-bit) Same function for both headers. Fragmentation Testing and Performance: IPv4b uses normal sending and forwarding routes for the fragmentation processes. IPv6 uses the sending process only to implement and enhance the fragmentation process. Mobility Performance: It implements the basic constrained network topologies. Oct 19, 2015 · 1.4.a IPv4 and IPv6 PMTU - CCNP Route Exam v2.0 (300-101) - Duration: 10:49. NetworkBruh 2,437 views. Fragmentation of IPv4 Datagram | Identification, Flags and Fragment Offset Jul 13, 2020 · IPv6 does not offer support for VLSM. Fragmentation : Fragmentation is done by sending and forwarding routes. Fragmentation is done by the sender. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) RIP is a routing protocol supported by the routed daemon. RIP does not support IPv6. It uses static routes. Network Configuration
The fragmentation offset value for the first fragment is always 0. The field is 13 bits wide, so the offset can be from 0 to 8191. Fragments are specified in units of 8 bytes, which is why fragment length must be a multiple of 8. Let us take an example to understand the calculation for fragmentation offset:
With IPv6, the IPID in the fragmentation extension header is 32bits, with a cache of 64 fragments: Realistic average ~34 million iterations Unrealistic ideal average ~17 million iterations Origin of work: “Fragmentation Considered Poisonous”, Amir Herzberg and Haya Shulman, Published 2012 PERTINENT LIMITATIONS In IPv6 Path MTU Discovery, which ICMP message is sent by an intermediary router that requires a smaller MTU? Packet Too Big . Wrong answers= Time Exceeded, with code 1: If a router receives a packet with a Hop Limit of zero, or if a router decrements a packet's Hop Limit to zero, it MUST discard the packet and originate an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded